New mRNA-Based Medicine for Peanut Allergies: Hope for Millions of Americans

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Image Credits : Medscape


Peanut allergies affect nearly three million Americans, with approximately one in every fifty children suffering from this potentially life-threatening condition. However, researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) have developed a groundbreaking treatment for peanut allergies using mRNA, inspired by the success of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines.

Dr. André Nel, co-corresponding author of the research paper, stated, "As far as we can find, mRNA has never been used for an allergic disease. We've shown that our platform can work to calm peanut allergies, and we believe it may be able to do the same for other allergens, in food and drugs, as well as autoimmune conditions."

The treatment involves delivering mRNA inside a nanoparticle to the liver, where it targets specific cells to tolerate peanut proteins. In tests conducted on mice, the mRNA-based medicine not only reversed peanut allergies but also prevented the development of severe conditions. The nanoparticle treatment was shown to improve the animals' peanut tolerance, paving the way for potential clinical trials in the near future.

With a few more lab studies, the mRNA-based treatment could be ready for clinical trials within three years, according to the authors of the research. The team also plans to investigate whether these nanoparticles could be used to treat other conditions, such as type 1 diabetes. Currently, there is only one approved treatment for type 1 diabetes, so this potential new treatment could represent a significant advancement in medical science.

The researchers used a liver-targeting lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform to deliver mRNA-encoded peanut allergen epitopes to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), which are known to induce regulatory T-cells (Tregs) that can help establish immune tolerance. The mRNA strand used in the treatment included nucleotide sequences encoding for nonallergenic T-cell epitopes identified in the dominant peanut allergen, Ara h2. These epitopes were inserted in the mRNA strand downstream of an MHC-II targeting sequence, and the mRNA was constructed with 5' and 3' capping sequences, a PolyA tail, and uridine substitution. The LNPs were synthesized using microfluidics and an ionizable cationic lipid, with a lipid-anchored mannose ligand for LSEC targeting.

The biodistribution of the LNPs to the liver was confirmed through in vivo imaging, and ELISpot assays showed an increase in IL-10-producing Tregs in the spleen. Prophylactic administration of encapsulated Ara h2 epitopes induced tolerogenic effects in mice sensitized to and challenged with crude peanut allergen extract.

This breakthrough in mRNA-based medicine for peanut allergies offers hope for millions of Americans who suffer from this condition. If successful, it could revolutionize the treatment of peanut allergies and potentially other allergies and autoimmune conditions in the future. As further research progresses, this innovative treatment could bring relief to those with peanut allergies and pave the way for new possibilities in medical science. 

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